Fundamentals of Mapping. Some Commonly Used Map Projections. This section outlines the features of a selection of more commonly used projects. It is by no means a full list projections which are commonly used today. Also, it describes each projection in its simplest form e. Standard Parallel not two. Contents. Introduction. Comparison of these projections Projection. Type. Key virtues. Comments. Stereographicazimuthalconformal. Created before 1. ADBest Used in areas over. Poles or for small scale continental mapping. Lambert Conformal Conicconicconformal. Created in 1. 77. Best Used in mid latitudes. USA, Europe and Australia. Mercatorcylindricalconformal and true direction. Created in 1. 56. Best Used in areas around the. Equator and for marine navigation. Robinsonpseudo cylindricalall attributes are distorted to create a more pleasant appearance. Created in the 1. Best Used in areas around. GridProc.jpg' alt='Grid Mapping Software' title='Grid Mapping Software' />Equator. Transverse Mercatorcylindricalconformal. Created in 1. 77. Best Used for areas with a north south. Azimuthal Projection Stereographic. Online mapping software doesnt have to be expensive. Compare our flexible mapping plans and choose the option that best fits your needs to get started. The oldest known record of this projection is from Ptolemy in about 1. AD.   However it is believed that this projection was well known long before that time probably as far back as the 2nd century BC. Maptitude mapping software includes a free country package with extensive geographic data and demographic data where available. This is the official web page for the OziExplorer GPS Mapping Software which runs on your PC or laptop and will work with Garmin, Magellan, Lowrance, Eagle, Brunton. The National Grid is the highvoltage electric power transmission network in Great Britain, connecting power stations and major substations and ensuring that. VehicleGrid Integration Communications Protocol Working Group. The CPUC, in collaboration with other state agencies, is developing policies that support vehiclegrid. Links to the free Maptitude mapping software for web mapping, desktop mapping, or mobile mapping. Easily visualize share spatial information for free. Today, this is probably one of the most widely used Azimuthal projections. It is most commonly used over Polar areas, but can be used for small scale maps of continents such as Australia. The great attraction of the projection is that the Earth appears as if viewed form space or a globe. Using Microsoft Project For Multiple Projects Tracking'>Using Microsoft Project For Multiple Projects Tracking. Crystal Reports Engine 10. This is a conformal projection in that shapes are well preserved over the map, although extreme distortions do occur towards the edge of the map. Directions are true from the centre of the map the touch point of our imaginary piece of paper, but the map is not equal area. One interesting feature of the Stereographic projection is that any straight line which runs through the centre point is a Great Circle. The advantage of this is that for a place of interest e. Canberra, the capital city of Australia a map which uses the Stereographic projection and is centred on that place of interest true distances can be calculated to other places of interest e. Canberra to Sydney or Canberra to Darwin or Canberra to Wellington, New Zealand. Produced Using G. PersonalBrain.jpg' alt='Grid Mapping Software' title='Grid Mapping Software' />PROJECTOR software developed by NASA and the Goddard Institute for Spatial Studies. Projection information Stereographic centred on 1. East and 3. 0 South, with a radius of 3. Pole.   In this the Great Circles are not as obvious as with the two Polar maps above, but the same principle applies any straight line which runs through the centre point is a Great Circle. This is an example of how a Great Circle does not have to be a set line of Longitude of Latitude. Conic Projection Lambert Conformal Conic. Johann Heinrich Lambert was a German French mathematician and scientist. His mathematics was considered revolutionary for its time and is still considered important today. In 1. Conformal Conic projection and the Transverse Mercator Projection. Today the Lambert Conformal Conic projection has become a standard projection for mapping large areas small scale in the mid latitudes such as USA, Europe and Australia. It has also become particularly popular with aeronautical charts such as the 1 1. World Aeronautical Charts map series. This projection commonly used two Standard Parallels lines of latitudes which are unevenly spaced concentric circles. The projection is conformal in that shapes are well preserved for a considerable extent near to the Standard Parallels. For world maps the shapes are extremely distorted away from Standard Parallels. This is why it is very popular for regional maps in mid latitude areas approximately 2. North and South.   Distances are only true along the Standard Parallels. Across the whole map directions are generally true. These two maps highlight the importance of selecting your Standard Parallels carefully. For the first one the Standard Parallels are in the North and for the second they are in the South. Projection information Lambert Conformal Conic centred on 1. East and the Equator. First map has standard Parallels at 3. North and the second has standard Parallels at 3. South. The Lambert Conformal Conic is the preferred projection for regional maps in mid latitudes. In Australia the national mapping agency prefers to use this projection using 1. South as the two Standard Parallels. Projection information Lambert Conformal Conic centred on 1. East and 2. 5 South, and two Standard Parallels 1. South. Cylindrical Projection Mercator. Notice the huge distortions in the Arctic and Antarctic regions, but the reasonable representation of landmasses out to about 5. Projection information Mercator centred on 1. East and the Standard Parallel is the Equator. One of the most famous map projections is the Mercator, created by a Flemish cartographer and geographer, Geradus Mercator in 1. It became the standard map projection for nautical purposes because of its ability to represent lines of constant true direction. Constant true direction means that the straight line connecting any two points on the map is the same direction that a compass would show. In an era of sailing ships and navigation based on direction only, this was a vitally important feature of this projection. The Mercator Projection always has the Equator as its Standard Parallel. Its construction is such that the lines of longitude and latitude are at right angles to each other this means that a world map is always a rectangle. Also, the lines of longitude are evenly spaced apart. But the distance between the lines of latitude increase away from the Equator. This relationship is what allows the direction between any two points on the map to be constant true direction. While this relationship between lines of lines of latitude and longitude correctly maintains direction, it allows for distortion to occur to areas, shapes and distances. Nearest the Equator there is little distortion. Distances along the Equator are always correct, but nowhere else on the map. Between about 1. Further out to about 5. This is why, for uses other than marine navigation, the Mercator projection is recommended for use in the Equatorial region only. Despite these distortions the Mercator projection is generally regarded as being a conformal projection. This is because within small areas shapes are essentially true. See also Transverse Mercator and Universal Transverse Mercator below. Cylindrical Projection Robinson. In the 1. 96. 0s Arthur H. Robinson, a Wisconsin geography professor, developed a projection which has become much more popular than the Mercator projection for world maps. It was developed because modern map makers had become dissatisfied with the distortions inherent in the Mercator projection and they wanted a world projection which looked more like reality. In its time, the Robinson projection replaced the Mercator projection as the preferred projection for world maps. Major publishing houses which have used the Robinson projection include Rand Mc. Nally and National Geographic. Compare this to the Mercator projection map above. Projection information Robinson centred on 1. East and the Standard Parallel is the Equator. As it is a pseudo cylindrical projection, the Equator is its Standard Parallel and it still has similar distortion problems to the Mercator projection. Between about 0 and 1. D 3. D mapping, modeling analysis software for scientists and engineers. Discover the depths of your data with Surfers numerous analysis tools. Adjust interpolation and gridding parameters, assess the spatial continuity of data with variograms, define faults and breaklines, or perform grid calculations such as volumes, transformations, smoothing, or filtering. Surfer quickly transforms your data into knowledge. The wide variety and functionality of the interpolationextrapolation algorithms, as well as the geostatistical functionality, is simply awesome Grant van Heerden, Principal Coal Geologist Snowden Mining Industry Consultants.